From The New York Times | Men are more likely to have jobs that require arriving early or leaving late from work, according to a study of surveys conducted by the U.S. Census in 1997, 2001 and 2004. The New York Times reviewed these surveys and found that only 32 percent of people at work at 7 a.m. were women, compared with 42 percent for the entire day. “The vast majority of workers perceive work from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. to be
more desirable than work during the off-hours, and many of the off-hours
workers are compensated with higher pay for the less desirable
schedule,” writes Casey B. Mulligan, an economics professor at the University of Chicago.

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